Reverse String (In-Place & Two Pointers)
System Design Interview Math86,400 sec/day (≈ 10⁵ heuristic)

Back-of-the-Envelope Capacity, QPS & Cache Estimator

Adjust Daily Active Users, requests/day, payload size, and cache hit ratio just like an L5/L6 FAANG or India GCC System Design round to estimate QPS, database origin pressure, 5-year storage, and Redis RAM sizing.

Daily Active Users (DAU)10M
Requests / User / Day25
Peak Traffic Multiplier3x
Avg Payload / Record Size15 KB
CDN / Redis Read Cache Hit Ratio80% (Offloads DB)
Average QPS

2,894

Peak: 8,682 req/s
DB Origin Peak QPS

1,736

After 80% cache hit offload
5-Year Storage Need

6373.7 TB

Daily delta: 3576.3 GB/day
80/20 Hot Cache RAM

715 GB

Peak egress: ~1,017 Mbps
Availability SLADowntime / YearDowntime / MonthTypical Production Architecture
99.9% (Three 9s)8.76 hours43.8 minutesMulti-AZ managed DB + automated health checks
99.99% (Four 9s)52.6 minutes4.38 minutesActive-Active Multi-AZ, automated failover & circuit breakers
99.999% (Five 9s)5.26 minutes26.3 secondsMulti-Region Active-Active edge routing, Anycast BGP, Raft/Spanner
System Design Capacity & QPS Calculator · DataArena